ADVANCED CONFIGURATION AND POWER INTERFACE : An open industry specification that defines power management on a wide range of mobile, desktop, and server computers and peripherals. ACPI is the foundation for the OnNow industry initiative that allows system manufacturers to deliver computers that start at the touch of a keyboard. ACPI design is essential to take full advantage of power management and Plug and Play.
3270 : A class of IBM Systems Network Architecture terminal and related protocol used to communicate with IBM mainframe host systems.
3DES : An encrypting algorithm that processes each data block three times, using a unique key each time. 3DES is much more difficult to break than straight DES. It is the most secure of the DES combinations, and is therefore slower in performance.
5250 : A class of IBM Systems Network Architecture terminal and related protocol used to communicate with AS/400 host systems.
802.1p : A protocol that supports the mapping of Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) signals to Layer 2 signals by using 802.1p priority markings to enable the prioritization of traffic across Layer 2 devices, such as switches, on a network segment. IEEE 802 refers to the Layer 2 technology used by LANs including the data-link layer and the media access control layer.
8mm cassette : A tape cartridge format used for data backups, similar to that used for some video cameras except that the tape is rated for data storage. The capacity is 5 GB or more of (optionally compressed) data.
AC-3 : The coding system used by Dolby Digital. A standard for high quality digital audio that is used for the sound portion of video stored in digital format.
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) : A type of expansion slot that is solely for video cards. Designed by Intel, AGP is a dedicated bus that provides fast, high-quality video and graphics performance.
Access control entry (ACE) : An entry in an object's discretionary access control list (DACL) that grants permissions to a user or group. An ACE is also an entry in an object's system access control list (SACL) that specifies the security events to be audited for a user or group.
access control list (ACL) : A list of security protections that apply to an entire object, a set of the object's properties, or an individual property of an object. There are two types of access control lists: discretionary and system.
Discretionary access control list (DACL) : The part of an object's security descriptor that grants or denies specific users and groups permission to access the object. Only the owner of an object can change permissions granted or denied in a DACL; thus, access to the object is at the owner's discretion.
System access control list (SACL): The part of an object's security descriptor that specifies which events are to be audited per user or group. Examples of auditing events are file access, logon attempts, and system shutdowns.
Access mask : A 32-bit value that specifies the rights that are allowed or denied in an access control entry (ACE) of an access control list (ACL). An access mask is also used to request access rights when an object is opened.
Access token : A data structure that contains the security identifier (SID) for a security principal, SIDs for the groups that the security principal belongs to, and a list of the security principal's privileges (also called user rights) on the local computer.
Active Directory : The directory service that stores information about objects on a network and makes this information available to users and network administrators. Active Directory gives network users access to permitted resources anywhere on the network using a single logon process. It provides network administrators with an intuitive, hierarchical view of the network and a single point of administration for all network objects.
Active partition : A partition from which an x86-based computer starts up. The active partition must be a primary partition on a basic disk. If you use Windows exclusively, the active partition can be the same as the system volume.
Active volume : The volume from which the computer starts up. The active volume must be a simple volume on a dynamic disk. You cannot mark an existing dynamic volume as the active volume, but you can upgrade a basic disk containing the active partition to a dynamic disk. After the disk is upgraded to dynamic, the partition becomes a simple volume that is active.
ActiveX : A set of technologies
that allows software components to interact with one another
in a networked environment, regardless of the language in
which the components were created.
Advanced Power Management
(APM): A software interface (designed by Microsoft and Intel) between hardware-specific power management software (such as that located in a system BIOS) and an operating system power management driver.
Advertisement : In Systems
Management Server, a notification sent by the site server to
the client access points (CAPs) specifying that a software
distribution program is available for clients to use. In
Windows 2000 and Windows XP, the Software Installation snap-in
generates an application advertisement script and stores this
script in the appropriate locations in Active Directory and
the Group Policy object.
Allocation
unit : The smallest amount of disk space that can be allocated to hold a file. All file systems used by Windows organize hard disks based on allocation units. The smaller the allocation unit size, the more efficiently a disk stores information. If you do not specify an allocation unit size when formatting the disk, Windows picks default sizes based on the size of the volume. These default sizes are selected to reduce the amount of space that is lost and the amount of fragmentation on the volume. An allocation unit is also called a cluster.
Workgroup:
A simple grouping of computers,
intended only to help users find such things as printers and
shared folders within that group. Workgroups in Windows do not
offer the centralized user accounts and authentication offered
by domains.
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